Dewi, Baiq Vidy Tiara and Sukmawati, Annisa Mu'awanah (2021) DAMPAK BENCANA GEMPA BUMI TERHADAP KONDISI SOSIAL EKONOMI MASYARAKAT DI KECAMATAN TANJUNG KABUPATEN LOMBOK UTARA. Tugas Akhir thesis, University of Teknologi Yogyakarta.
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Abstract
ABSTRAK Indonesia memiliki potensi yang tinggi terhadap bencana gempa bumi. Hal ini disebabkan oleh letak Indonesia yang berada di garis Cincin Api (Ring of Fire) Samudera Pasifik. Hal ini menjadi tantangan bagi pemerintah dalam pengembangan suatu wilayah yang memiliki potensi bencana gempa bumi. Salah satu peristiwa gempa bumi yang menimbulkan kerugian besar adalah yang terjadi di Pulau Lombok pada tahun 2018. Pasca munculnya main shock yang berkuatan 7,0 SR pada tanggal 5 Agustus 2018, Kabupaten Lombok Utara dikabarkan mengalami kerusakan dan kerugian terbesar. Berdasarkan data terakhir Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) di tahun 2018, kerugian yang dialami Kabupaten Lombok Utara mencapai Rp 2,7 Triliun. Bencana ini tidak hanya berdampak dari segi ekonomi, namun juga mempengaruhi kondisi sosial masyarakat. Penelitian berlokasi di Kecamatan Tanjung karena mengalami dampak kerusakan terbesar serta merupakan salah satu pusat pemerintahan di Kabupaten Lombok Utara. Gempa bumi memberi dampak signifikan bagi aspek sosial dan ekonomi. Selain menyebabkan dampak terhadap aspek sosial dan ekonomi, bencana ini juga menimbulkan dampak traumatis pada masyarakat lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai dampak bencana gempa bumi berdasarkan aspek sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat di Kecamatan Tanjung Kabupaten Lombok Utara secara spasial. Berdasarkan sasarannya, output dari penelitian ini berupa analisis dampak bencana gempa bumi bagi aspek sosial dan ekonomi yang ditampilkan melalui pemetaan spasial guna melihat sebaran dan besaran dampak yang dialami masing-masing desa di Kecamatan Tanjung. Selain itu, juga dilakukan analisis kerusakan infrastruktur yang menjadi salah satu pendukung tergeraknya kegiatan sosial maupun ekonomi di masyarakat. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi masukan bagi para stakeholder terkait dengan strategi mitigasi yang tepat melalui penilaian tingkat kerusakan terdampak gempa secara komprehensif. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dan pemetaan untuk menujukkan sebaran spasial daerah kerusakan. Pemilihan metode analisis ini didasarkan pada sasaran penelitian yang memungkinkan peneliti mencari pengaruh dari fenomena gempa bumi terhadap aspek sosial ekonomi. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, kuesioner, dan telaah dokumen. Jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 100 reponden yang diperoleh dari rumus Slovin dengan nilai error 10%. Responden disebar merata ke tujuh desa yang terdapat di Kecamatan Tanjung dengan menggunakan teknik Proportionate Sampling. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perubahan signifikan kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat sebelum dan setelah gempa bumi di Kecamatan Tanjung. Perubahan kondisi sosial dilihat dari hilangnya beberapa kegiatan sosial yang biasa dilakukan masyarakat seperti arisan dan pengajian. Sedangkan perubahan kondisi ekonomi dilihat dari perubahan penghasilan masyarakat. Desa Jenggala menjadi desa dengan perubahan sosial ekonomi tertinggi atau paling rentan terdahap bencana gempa bumi. Rata-rata perubahan penghasilan penduduk di Desa Jenggala mencapai Rp 3.252.778,00. Hal tersebut dikarenakan penduduk Desa Jenggala merupakan yang paling banyak mengalami perubahan mata pencaharian dibandingkan desa lainnya. Mata pencaharian pedagang dan petani paling banyak mengalami perubahan kondisi ekonomi. Perubahan sosial ekonomi diakibatkan oleh tingginya tingkat ancaman di desa tersebut. Selain itu, juga disebabkan oleh kerusakan infrastruktur, lamanya proses evakuasi, banyaknya korban, perubahan fisik lingkungan, serta karakteristik sosial ekonomi penduduk. Kata Kunci: Dampak; Sosial Ekonomi; Gempa Bumi; Kabupaten Lombok Utara; Kecamatan Tanjung ABSTRACT Indonesia has a high potential for earthquakes. Because of its location, which is on the ring of fire's line (Ring of Fire) of the Pacific Ocean. It is a challenge for the government in developing an area that has the potential for earthquake disasters. One of the earthquake events that caused significant losses was the one on Lombok Island in 2018. After the main shock measuring 7.0 on the Richter scale on August 5, 2018, North Lombok Regency reportedly suffered immense damage and losses. Based on the latest data from the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) in 2018, North Lombok Regency's losses reached Rp. 2.7 trillion. This disaster not only affects the economy but also affects the social conditions of the community. The research is located in Tanjung Subdistrict because it suffered tremendous damage and is one of the government centres in North Lombok Regency. Earthquakes have a significant impact on social and economic aspects. Apart from impacting social and economic aspects, this disaster also had a traumatic impact on the local community. This study aims to assess the spatial impact of the earthquake disaster based on the community's social and economic aspects in Tanjung District, North Lombok Regency. Based on the target, this research's output analyses the impact of the earthquake disaster for social and economic aspects, which is displayed through spatial mapping to see the distribution and magnitude of the impact experienced by each village in Tanjung District. The damage analysis to infrastructure was also carried out, which is one of the supporting factors for the movement of social and economic activities in the community. This research is expected to provide input for stakeholders regarding appropriate mitigation strategies through a comprehensive assessment of the level of damage affected by the earthquake. This research uses quantitative research methods with quantitative descriptive analysis techniques and mapping to show the damaged area's spatial distribution. The choice of analysis method is based on research objectives that allow researchers to find the effect of the earthquake phenomenon on socio-economic aspects—collecting data using observation, interviews, questionnaires, and document review. The number of research samples as many as 100 respondents obtained from the Slovin formula with an error value of 10%. Respondents were distributed evenly to seven villages in Tanjung Subdistrict using the Proportionate Sampling technique. The study results indicated that there were significant changes in the community's socio-economic conditions before and after the earthquake in Tanjung District. Changes in social conditions can be seen from the disappearance of several social activities usually carried out by the community, such as social gathering and recitation. Meanwhile, changes in economic conditions can be seen from changes in people's income. Jenggala Village is the village with the most significant socio-economic changes or the most vulnerable to earthquakes. The average change in income of the population in Jenggala Village is IDR 3,252,778.00. It is because the residents of Jenggala Village are the ones who have experienced the most changes in their livelihoods compared to other villages. The livelihoods of traders and farmers have experienced the most changes in economic conditions. Socio-economic changes were caused by the high level of threats in the village. Besides, it is also caused by damage to infrastructure, the length of the evacuation process, the number of victims, changes in the physical environment, and the population's socio-economic characteristics. Keywords: Impact; Social Economy, Earthquake; North Lombok Regency, Tanjung Sub-district
| Item Type: | Thesis (Skripsi, Tugas Akhir or Kerja Praktek) (Tugas Akhir) |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | H Social Sciences > H Social Sciences (General) |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi > S1 Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota |
| Depositing User: | Kaprodi S1 PWK UTY |
| Date Deposited: | 14 Apr 2021 02:10 |
| Last Modified: | 14 Apr 2021 02:10 |
| URI: | http://eprints.uty.ac.id/id/eprint/7388 |
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